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1.0 OVERVIEW
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1.1 What is an Indigo Agglomerator?
The Indigo Agglomerator is located
in the high velocity ductwork leading to the
Air pollution control (APC) equipment. It
uses both electrostatic and fluidic methods
to pre treat all of the dust particles entering
the APC, agglomerating small and large particles
together creating larger more easily collected
particles and reducing the number of small
particles for the APC to collect. The electrostatic
method charges the dust half positively and
half negatively in the treatment zone then
mixes them in a specially designed mixing
field. The fluidic agglomeration method uses
a highly specialized mixing regime to increase
the interaction and therefore impact rate
between large and small particles, agglomerating
them.
1.2 History
- First Prototype Indigo Agglomerator
- Delta Electrics at Vales Point.
- First Full scale commercial Indigo
Agglomerator in Australia - Horizontal
- Vales Point.
- First Full scale commercial Indigo
Agglomerator in USA - Horizontal
-Mississippi Power - Plant Watson - Unit
#4, B-side - Gulfport, MS.
- Second Full scale commercial Indigo
Agglomerator in USA - Vertical -
Georgia Power - Plant Hammond - Rome,
GA - Unit #3, A & B Sides.
- Second Full scale commercial Indigo
Agglomerator in Australia - Horizontal
- Tarong Energy.
- Third Full scale commercial Indigo
Agglomerator in USA - Horizontal
- The Empire District Electric Co. - Asbury
Power Plant - Unit #1, A & B Sides -Asbury,
MO.
- May 2006 - Fourth Full scale commercial
Indigo Agglomerator in US - - Horizontal
- Dynegy Midwest - Havana Power Station
- Unit #5 - Havana, IL, USA
- June 2006 - Fifth Full scale commercial
Indigo Agglomerator in US - first Wet
Scrubber installation - Horizontal - Tennessee
Valley Authority - Widows Creek Power
Station Unit #8 - AL -USA -June 2006
- November 2007 Commissoning - First commercial
installation in China - Vertical
1.3 Who
could benefit from an Indigo Agglomerator?
- Coal fired electricity generators
- Cement producing plants
- Paper pulp mills - black liquor, wood
waste and lime kilns
- Coal fired industrial processes.
- Metal Smelters
- Sinter Planets
- Mining Processing
- Oil fired boilers
- Other installations with APC equipment
for particulate control.
1.4 Why
should operators buy an Agglomerator?
- Meet boiler MACT requirements
- Meet Continuous Assurance Monitoring
(CAM) Plan
- Reduce fine particle emissions to meet
EPA requirements
- Reduce opacity
- Lessen the impact of boiler upsets
- May help reduce other pollutants e.g.
mercury
- Reduce greenhouse effect due to fine
particulate
- Very low pressure drop across Indigo
Agglomerator
- Reduce running costs of other emission
controls, eg SO3 injection
- Satisfy legislative requirements e.g.
PM2.5
- Can burn lower grade or alternative
fuels for lower operating costs
- Low purchase price and operating cost
- Very short installation time and retrofit
ability makes an Agglomerator attractive
to large industrial plant owners.
- Excellent track record for installation
speed, versatility and quality
- In lieu of upgrading existing APC equipment
- Extend bag life in a fabric filter
1.5 Frequently asked questions
- Performance Concerns
- New/Unproven Technology?
Indigo Technologies has 11 commercial
units in operation
- Client wants a pilot unit versus full scale unit?
The cost of a pilot unit and a test program to validate is nearly the same
Full scale R & D was accomplished on the first unit
- Performance Guarantees
Guarantees are given for particle size
leaving the Indigo Agglomerator as determined
by Indigo Technologies Engineering. Opacity
and emissions are predicted values only
because we have no control of the downstream
equipment.
- Typical Objections
- Scouring within the Indigo Aglomerator?
With no increase or minimal increase in gas velocity this is not an issue
- Will there be erosion within the Indigo Agglomerator?
During the design phase this was given much consideration to eliminate this issue. Existing Indigo Agglomerators have shown very little wear including one installed in an extreme wear environment.
- What is the power consumption of the Indigo Agglomerator?
The Indigo Agglomerator power consumption is very low typically no more than 2 KW per 100,000 ACFM or 100 MW Generated
- How much pressure loss is created by installing the Indigo Agglomerator in my ductwork?
Our design creates a pressure drop of less than 1 inch of water in pressure loss.
- How is the Indigo Agglomerator accessed for maintenance?
Access to the internals is from within the existing ductwork. Externally we provide hinged insulator covers.
- What impact will it have on my precipitator performance?
The Indigo Agglomerator installations to date have increased the performance of the precipitator dramatically as this is where all collection is accomplished. Front zone power levels in the Precipitator should increase slightly due to the Indigo Agglomerator installed and the precipitator should require less frequent maintenance cleaning
- Will there be any effect on other equipment within my system?
To date no other equipment has been adversely affected by an installation of the Indigo Agglomerator
- How can Indigo Technologies
prove the fine and large particles
do in fact stay together (Agglomerate)?
Insitu laser particle size analysis
has been done at Plant Watson which
proves that the number of fine particles
exiting the Indigo Agglomerator
is dramatically reduced compared to
a parallel duct without the Indigo
Agglomerator. Particle size analysis
has also been done on several installations
from the ash hoppers of the ESP's
which shows an increase in small particles
collected in the front zone. Chemical
analysis performed on the same samples
show that a major increase in chemicals
associated with fine particles is
also shown. Also in general, more
ash is collected in the front zone
of the ESP than identical zones on
parallel ESP's. Refer to paper "Results
of the Indigo Agglomerator Testing
at Watson Power Station".
- Will this larger particle formed by the Indigo Agglomerator drop out before entering the precipitator?
No. Because the newly formed particle mass is increased very little this will not occur. There are many larger particles in the flue gas stream and they do not drop out.
- My plant has no available real estate where can I put the Indigo Agglomerator?
Because the Indigo Agglomerator is retrofit into existing or modified ductwork, no valuable real estate is required.
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